Influence of Benthic Macrofauna as a Spatial Structuring Agent for Juvenile Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) on the Eastern Scotian Shelf, Atlantic Canada.

We examined the habitat of juvenile haddock on the eastern Scotian Shelf (off Nova Scotia, Canada) in relation to grab-sampled benthic macrofaunal invertebrate species assemblages in order to determine whether there were significant differences in benthic macrofauna between areas of historically persistent high and low juvenile haddock abundance. Our analyses were conducted over two spatial scales in each of two years: among banks (Emerald, Western and Sable Island), approximately 60 km distant from each other, and between areas of high and low juvenile haddock abundance at distances of 10 to 30 km-all in an area that had not experienced groundfishing in the decade prior to sampling. We also examined fine-scale (10s of metres) within-site variability in the macrofauna and used surficial sediment characteristics, along with hydrographic variables, to identify environmental correlates. PERMANOVA identified statistically significant differences in biomass, density and composition of the benthos associated with juvenile haddock abundance; however it was difficult to determine whether the results had biological relevance. Post hoc tests showed that these differences occurred only on Sable Island Bank where both fish and benthos may have been independently responding to sediment type which was most different there (100% sand in the area of low haddock abundance vs. 22% gravel in the area of high haddock abundance). In total, 383 benthic taxa representing 13 phyla were identified. Annelida was the most specious phylum (36.29% of taxa, representing 33 families), followed by Arthropoda (with Crustaceans, mostly Amphipoda, accounting for 25.07% of the total number of taxa). The strongest pattern in the macrofauna was expressed at the largest scale, between banks, accounting for approximately 25% of the variation in the data. Emerald Bank, deeper, warmer and saltier than the Western and Sable Island Banks, had a distinctive fauna.

Manual de saneamiento básico para comunidades indígenas / Manual de saneamiento básico para comunidades indígenas / Handbook of basic sanitation for Indian communities

El presente manual de Saneamiento es un complemento del Manual de Salud para Voluntarios Indígenas. Ha sido diseñado para que sirva como material de consulta para el trabajador indígena de Atención Primaria y como material de discusión para los procesos educativos relacionados con el saneamiento ambiental. Se decidió editar un manual aparte, por tratarse de un asunto muy importante, cuyo contenido refleja el trabajo realizado durante el curso de capacitación de Promotores Voluntarios Indígenas de Salud

Manual de saneamiento basico para comunidades indigenas / Handbook of basic sanitation for Indian communities

El presente manual de Saneamiento es un complemento del Manual de Salud para Voluntarios Indigenas. Ha sido disenado para que sirva como material de consulta para el trabajador indigena de Atención Primaria y como material de discusion para los procesos educativos relacionados con el saneamiento ambiental. Se decidio editar un manual aparte, por tratarse de un asunto muy importante, cuyo contenido refleja el trabajo realizado durante el curso de capacitacion de Promotores Voluntarios Indigenas de Salud